CBSE Revision Notes

CBSE class 12 Biology Notes: Chapter wise

Biology is the most interesting and scoring subject which is further full of amazing facts and exclusive discoveries. Biology is also one of the important subjects in the science stream and obtaining good marks in this subject could help students land placement in good medical institutions and others. As it is important to score a good percentage in the exams, it is not only enough to study from the class 12 textbook. Students need some effective study materials and study tools.

To help students make the most out of their study time and prepare well for the exams, we at LearnCBSE are providing Class 12 Biology Notes. These notes include well-researched information about all the chapter topics and students will be able to understand each topic clearly. With these CBSE notes, students will further be able to revise all the important topics quickly and be stress-free especially before the board examinations.

• Reproduction in Organisms Class 12 Notes
• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Class 12 Notes
• Human Reproduction Class 12 Notes
• Reproductive Health Class 12 Notes
• Principles of Inheritance and Variation Class 12 Notes
• Molecular Basis of Inheritance Class 12 Notes
• Evolution Class 12 Notes
• Human Health and Disease Class 12 Notes
• Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Class 12 Notes
• Microbes in Human Welfare Class 12 Notes
• Biotechnology: Principles And Processes Class 12 Notes
• Biotechnology and its Applications Class 12 Notes
• Organisms and Populations Class 12 Notes
• Ecosystem Class 12 Notes
• Biodiversity and Conservation Class 12 Notes
• Environmental Issues Class 12 Notes

Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Notes – Chapter 16

Chemical reactions important to everyday life. The drugs people use are all extracted from plants or synthesized in laboratories–chemistry! Soaps, detergents, household cleaners are all chemicals made in a lab. The art of cooking is a chemical reaction. Please refer Chemistry in Everyday Life Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Polymers Class 12 Notes – Chapter 15

Polymers are derived from monomers which consist of repeating structural units of high molecular mass macromolecules. They may occur in natural or synthetic form and are classified in many ways such as based on origin, structure, etc. Please refer Polymers Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Biomolecules Class 12 Notes – Chapter 14

Biomolecules describe the molecules required by living things to build body parts and maintain the biochemical processes required for life functions. These biomolecules may be classed as either organic or inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are compounds containing carbon that are found in living things. Please refer Biomolecules Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Amines Class 12 Notes – Chapter 13

Amines are derived from ammonia acquired by replacing hydrogen atoms in aryl or with alkyl groups. When one hydrogen atom is replaced it gives rise to a primary amine. The structure of secondary amines is given by R2NH or R-NHR′ whereas tertiary amines are characterized by RNR′R′′ or R2NR′ or R3N. If the aryl or alkyl group of tertiary and secondary amines are same they are called simple amines, but if they are attached to different groups they are called mixed amines. Amines have one unshared electron pair on the nitrogen atom, therefore, they behave as Lewis bases. They are formed from halides, amides, nitro compounds or imides. Please refer Amines Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Class 12 Notes – Chapter 12

Some important organic compounds containing carbonyl group are carboxylic acids, aldehydes, and ketones. These molecules are highly polar and hence have high boiling temperatures when compared to hydrocarbons as well as weak polar compounds such as ethers of comparable molecular masses. The lower embers form hydrogen bonds with water and therefore are highly water soluble.

On the other hand, higher members have big size hydrophobic carbon chain and are insoluble in water. Method of preparing aldehyde is by controlled oxidation of primary alcohols or dehydrogenation and cautious or controlled reduction of acyl halides. Please refer Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes – Chapter 11

Ethers are classified based on the group attached to an oxygen atom. Phenols and alcohols are categorized based on two factors:

• Number of hydroxyl groups present
• Based on the hybridization of the carbon atom to which the -OH group is attached.
• Please refer Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes – Chapter 10

Based on the structure i.e depending upon the number of halogen atoms in a compound, Alkyl/Aryl halides are classified as mono, di, and polyhalogen. When compared to carbon, halogen atoms are more electronegative. Therefore

• The bond (carbon-halogen bond) of alkyl halide is polarised.
• Halogen atom carries a partial negative charge
• Carbon atom carries a partial positive
• Please refer Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes – Chapter 9

Coordination compounds is a challenging area in modern inorganic chemistry. Due to the advancement in this area new concepts such as models of bonding, molecular structure, important insights on the functioning of complex components of the biological system, etc. have been developed. Please refer Coordination Compounds Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.

The d-and f-Block Elements Class 12 Notes – Chapter 8

The middle layer of the periodic table is filled with d block elements. The inner d orbits of group 3 to group 13 are filled progressively. On the other hand, f block elements are found outside at the bottom of the periodic table. In these elements, 5f and 4f orbitals are filled progressively. Three series of transition elements are recognized by the filling of 3d, 4d, 5d orbitals. Please refer The d and f Block Elements Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.