Complete Explanation of CBSE Notes
The elements from the group 13 to 18 in the periodic table are p-Block elements. They have a valence shell electronic configuration ns2np1–6. Since we have already discussed the group13 and 14 elements in the previous class, therefore, we will be covering the remaining groups of p-Block elements in this chapter. Please refer The p-Block Elements Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
Metals are essential for different purposes. Therefore extracting them from the mineral resource in a commercially feasible way is important. The minerals in which the metal is present and extracted are called ores. Usually, the ores contain impurities which can be removed to a certain limit in the concentration steps. After this step, the ore is chemically treated to obtain metals. With the help of reducing agents such as CO, carbon, etc. the metal compound is reduced to metal. Please refer General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
The event of attracting and keeping the molecule of a substance on the surface of a solid is called adsorption. This results in an increased concentration on the surface than in the bulk. The expanse of adsorption of a gas on a solid material depends on the following factors: surface area of the solid, temperature of the gas, nature of the gas, the pressure of the gas, and nature of solid. Please refer Surface Chemistry Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
Study of chemical reactions concerning the rate of reaction, the formation of intermediates, rearrangement of atoms, and the effect of different variables is called chemical kinetics. Factors affecting rate of reaction are the catalyst concentration of reactants, and temperature. The rate of reaction cannot be predicted but has to be determined experimentally. Rate law gives the mathematical representation of the rate of reaction. Please refer Chemical Kinetics Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
A device that generates a potential difference between electrodes by chemical reactions is called an electrochemical cell. It comprises two electron conductors which are separated by an ionic conductor and are linked by an electron conductor. The two metallic electrodes are dipped in the electrolytic solution. The important component of this cell is an ionic conductor. Please refer Electrochemistry Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
A solution comprises of a solute and a solvent. It is defined as a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two substances. They can be classified into three types:
Molarity, mole fraction, percentages, and molality are the terms used to express the concentration of a solution. Please refer Solutions Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
Solids have definite volume, shape, and mass due to the short distance between the fixed position of particles and strong interactions between them. Amorphous solids behave like super cool liquids as the arrangement of constituent particles has short-range order, isotropic in nature and no sharp melting point. Crystalline solids have a characteristic shape, with the arrangement of constituent particles of long-range order, anisotropic in nature and a sharp melting point. The classification of crystalline solids is based on their property. Please refer The Solid State Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
Having said that, in class 12, chemistry is an important subject as well as a complex one with many chemical reactions, problems diagrams, and many concepts. Thus, learning all these will need some extra work and students have to keep revising and practicing to fully master the subject. While students may not have enough time to prepare summary notes by themselves, we at LearnCBSE are providing well-organized Class 12 Chemistry Notes that will assist them in their exam preparation and also develop more interest towards the chemistry concepts.
The faithful transformation of message or information is known as electronic communication which can be available on the form of electrical current or voltage traveling from one point to another. Please refer Communication Systems Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
What are Semiconductors?
Semiconductors are the core fundamental materials which are used in solid-state electronic devices such as transistors, diodes etc. The material’s atomic structure decides whether the material will turn out to be a metal, semiconductor or insulator. Semiconductors could also be elements such as Ge, Si or compounds such as CdS or GaAs. Please refer Semiconductor Electronics Materials Devices And Simple Circuits Class 12 Notes for more revision notes.
CBSE Revision Notes